Canada has a publicly funded healthcare system that provides residents with access to essential medical services at little to no cost. However, as a new immigrant, there are important things you should know about how the system works, what is covered, and how to access healthcare services.
1. How the Canadian Healthcare System Works
- Publicly Funded: Healthcare in Canada is funded through taxes, and each province and territory manages its own healthcare system.
- Universal Coverage: Permanent residents, citizens, and some temporary residents can access publicly funded healthcare services.
- Health Cards: You need to apply for a health card in your province or territory to receive free healthcare services.
2. Health Coverage by Province and Territory
Healthcare is managed at the provincial and territorial level, meaning the coverage and eligibility requirements vary. Some provinces, like British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario, have a waiting period (up to three months) before new immigrants can access public healthcare.
Here’s how to apply for a health card in some major provinces:
- Ontario (OHIP): Apply through ServiceOntario with proof of residence and identity.
- British Columbia (MSP): Apply through Health Insurance BC and pay monthly premiums if required.
- Alberta (AHCIP): Apply within three months of arrival with immigration documents.
3. What is Covered Under Public Healthcare?
Canada’s public healthcare system covers essential medical services, including:
✔ Doctor visits
✔ Hospital stays
✔ Emergency care
✔ Some diagnostic tests (X-rays, blood tests)
✔ Surgeries and medical procedures
However, the system does not cover:
✘ Prescription drugs (except for certain groups like seniors and low-income families)
✘ Dental care
✘ Vision care (eye exams and glasses)
✘ Physiotherapy and chiropractic services
4. Private Health Insurance for New Immigrants
Since public healthcare doesn’t cover everything, many immigrants purchase private health insurance, especially during the waiting period for public health coverage. Private insurance can help cover:
- Prescription medications
- Dental and vision care
- Paramedical services (physiotherapy, massage therapy)
- Ambulance services
Popular private insurance providers in Canada include Manulife, Sun Life, and Blue Cross.
5. Finding a Family Doctor
New immigrants should register with a family doctor to get consistent medical care. You can find a doctor through:
- Provincial healthcare directories (e.g., Health Care Connect in Ontario)
- Walk-in clinics (for non-emergency care)
- Community health centers (especially for newcomers)
6. Emergency Medical Services
- Call 911 in case of a medical emergency.
- Emergency rooms (ERs) provide urgent care at hospitals.
- Walk-in clinics are available for non-emergency medical issues.
7. Prescription Medications and Pharmacies
Most prescriptions are not covered under public healthcare unless you qualify for specific provincial drug programs. You can get medications from:
- Pharmacies (Shoppers Drug Mart, Rexall, Walmart Pharmacy)
- Online prescription services (some provinces offer virtual pharmacy options)
8. Healthcare for Temporary Residents and International Students
- Some work permit holders and international students may qualify for public healthcare, but coverage varies by province.
- Those without coverage should purchase private health insurance.
9. Maternity and Childcare Services
Canada provides excellent prenatal and postnatal care. Pregnancy care, including doctor visits, hospital births, and postnatal check-ups, is covered under public healthcare. Some provinces also offer free or subsidized immunizations for children.
10. Mental Health Services
Mental health support is available but may not always be free. Options include:
- Publicly funded therapy programs (covered in some provinces)
- Private therapy and counseling (usually paid out-of-pocket or through insurance)
- Community support groups for mental wellness
Understanding how Canada’s healthcare system works can help new immigrants access the right services. If you need assistance applying for a health card or finding a doctor, provincial websites and newcomer centers are great resources.