The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on immigration policies globally, and Canada is no exception. The Canadian government quickly adapted its immigration processes to maintain public health and safety, while also addressing the ongoing labor shortages and economic challenges caused by the pandemic. Here’s an overview of how Canada’s immigration policies were impacted and what changes have occurred:
1. Temporary Changes to Express Entry and Other Immigration Programs
During the pandemic, Canada introduced several temporary measures to manage its immigration system and protect public health:
A. Travel Restrictions and Border Closures
Canada imposed travel restrictions for many countries to control the spread of the virus. This included:
- Suspension of non-essential travel for foreign nationals.
- Quarantine measures for those allowed to enter, including mandatory isolation for 14 days upon arrival.
These restrictions were particularly challenging for individuals applying for permanent residency or temporary work permits, as they impacted the ability to travel to Canada for processing or landing.
B. Limited Invitations in Express Entry Draws
While Canada maintained its commitment to admitting skilled workers, the number of invitations to apply (ITAs) issued through Express Entry was initially reduced. This was partly due to processing delays caused by the pandemic and restrictions on in-person activities at Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
However, in later phases of the pandemic, Canada increased its ITA targets to compensate for earlier slowdowns, ensuring that the country would still meet its immigration goals. Draws also began prioritizing candidates with specific work experience or those who were already in Canada.
C. Changes in Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) Criteria
The CRS score in Express Entry remained largely unchanged, but candidates who had been temporarily in Canada or who had Canadian job offers were given additional points to recognize their unique circumstances. This allowed applicants already in Canada to improve their chances of receiving an invitation to apply.
D. Delays in Processing and Document Submission
Due to the pandemic, there were significant delays in the processing of applications. Many visa offices around the world were closed or operating at limited capacity, which led to backlogs in processing. IRCC temporarily relaxed some documentation requirements to facilitate the process, including accepting electronic copies of documents and extending deadlines for submission.
2. Impact on Temporary Residents and Work Permits
The pandemic also influenced temporary work permits and study permits, particularly as more people transitioned to remote work or online studies. Some key changes included:
A. Post-Graduation Work Permits (PGWP)
The Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) became a critical pathway for international students who graduated during the pandemic. As travel restrictions were in place and many students faced delays in completing their studies, Canada introduced more flexibility in issuing PGWPs, allowing students to apply even if they were unable to meet the in-person study requirements.
B. Work Permit Flexibility
Many foreign workers in Canada on temporary permits were unable to return home due to travel restrictions. The government provided temporary extensions and allowed some workers to stay in Canada until the situation improved. Additionally, some work permit holders were allowed to apply for permanent residency through pathways such as the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) to address labor shortages.
3. Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)
Provinces and territories in Canada have their own immigration pathways through Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs). During the pandemic, PNPs became an important tool to address regional labor needs. Several provinces adapted their programs to:
- Increase the number of nominations for candidates already in Canada, especially in sectors where there were labor shortages due to COVID-19.
- Prioritize applicants with job offers or work experience in essential industries like healthcare, agriculture, and technology.
4. COVID-19 Related Pathways and Measures
Several new programs were introduced or modified to address the pandemic’s impact on immigration:
A. Public Policy for Temporary Workers
Canada implemented a temporary public policy allowing workers in essential sectors to transition to permanent residency. This policy was designed to retain those who contributed significantly during the crisis.
B. Immigration Levels Plan
Despite the pandemic, Canada continued to increase its immigration levels. The government set ambitious targets, aiming to welcome over 1.2 million new permanent residents between 2021 and 2023. This decision was based on the recognition that immigration plays a vital role in the country’s economic recovery post-pandemic.
5. The Role of Technology and Virtual Processing
The pandemic accelerated the use of technology in Canada’s immigration system. IRCC transitioned to more online services, including virtual interviews and electronic document submission. This made it easier for applicants to interact with the immigration system remotely and helped minimize delays.
Moreover, virtual landings (where applicants could officially become permanent residents without having to attend an in-person ceremony) became an alternative method during lockdowns.
6. Health and Safety Requirements for New Immigrants
Canada placed a strong emphasis on health and safety during the pandemic, especially for newcomers. Immigrants were required to:
- Provide proof of medical exams to meet health standards for permanent residency applications.
- Comply with quarantine rules upon arrival in Canada.
IRCC made provisions to accommodate applicants who were unable to complete medical exams or provide police clearance certificates due to COVID-19-related restrictions.
7. Post-Pandemic Recovery and Immigration
As the pandemic restrictions eased, Canada has worked to accelerate its immigration processing to recover from the delays caused by COVID-19. The government has re-emphasized the importance of immigration for its long-term economic growth, addressing labor shortages, and supporting a more diverse and resilient economy.